Just like the first game, some of the bosses have different names based on the version you are playing, the same rule applies to their desperation move. (phase 3 attack).
English name first followed with Japanese name.

Tenjian "The Frozen Blade" [EN/JP]
The most frequent boss you'll face in the game.

Desperation Moves:
Frigid Blossom [EN]
氷華雪断 Ice Flower Snow Cut [JP]
note: JP name does not use English text

Gunvolt vs Phantom Tenjian final attack:

Seven Slashes [EN]
羅雪七星 Seven Star [JP]
note: This unique attack does not appear in Secret Mission 5 nor Garden 3's Score run mode (yay).

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Teseo "The Serial Experiment" [EN/JP]
The online troll.

Desperation Moves:
Impregnable Fortress [EN/JP]

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Ghauri "The Prism Master" [EN/JP]
The one who speaks quite a lot of English.

Desperation Move:

Poetry Slam [EN]
Prism Prisma Prison [JP]

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Desna "The Starstruck Beauty" [EN]
Nike “Tower’s Beauty Hair Angel (Towering Blonde)” [JP]

The female member with blonde hair

Desperation Move:

Entangled Strands [EN]
Entangle Blonde [JP]

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Milas "The Aquadynamic Merman" [JP]
Nimrod “The Flowing Merman (Grateful Merman)”[JP]

The one who uses water powers.

Desperation Move:

Aqua Avatar [EN/JP]

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Asroc “The Pygmalion Furnace” [EN/JP]
The puppet master

Desperation Move

Amuse-Bouches [EN]
Beat Up Entremets [JP]

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Gibril “The Full Metal Jacket” [EN]
Jibril "Blood & Steel Carved Dress (Full Metal Jacket)” [JP]

The crazy girl with bloody claws.

Desperation Move:
Iron Maiden [EN/JP]

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Zonda "The Lustful Mirage" [EN]
Panthera [JP]

The one you did not get to actually fight against in the first game.

Desperation Move (Copy fight)
Phantasmagoria [EN/JP]

Desperation Move (Fairy fight vs Gunvolt in Garden 3 story mode)
Paradise Lost [EN/JP]
note: JP does not use English text.

Desperation Move (Fairy fight vs Copen/Gunvolt in Garden 3 outside of Gunvolt's story Garden 3)
Eden's Presence [EN]
Resident of Eden [JP]

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Copen "The Adept Slayer" [EN]
Acura (Kamisono Acura) [JP]

The other playable character.

No desperation moves in Tenjian's stage but he has 2 in the true final chapter.

Desperation move (normal)
Guilt Sequence [EN]
Guilt Combination [JP]

Desperation move (anthem)
Doppler Destroyer [EN]
Final Lust Doppler [JP]

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Gunvolt "The Azure Striker" [EN]
"Armed Blue" Gunvolt [JP]

The main playable character.

No desperation moves in Tenjian's stage but he has 2 in the true final chapter.

Desperation move (normal)
Luxcalibur [EN]
Spark Calibur [JP]

Special Moves (anthem)
Lightning Sphere - Mandala [JP]
Spark Calibur - Shoot/Shot [JP]
(Will reconfirm this with a video soon /Jinny)

Desperation move (anthem)
Septimal Surge [EN]
Unlimited Volt [JP]