Certain dialogue options cause your character to draw a golden bow, even if your character doesn't have one. However, if you unequip the bow, talk to any character, enter a cutscene (i.e. the time portal), or save and reload, you will lose the bow with no way to get it back.

There are three known ways to get a "Temporary" Golden Bow.

1. In the Egyptian Ruins, in your first conversation with Khabash, right before he drops the Sumerian Plaque, select "Do it and I'll kill you!" and your character will equip a golden bow. (Note: Do not fall into the Sumerian ruins, as you'll need to talk to Khabash again at the end of the ruins, which forces a dialogue and unequips the bow.)

2. (v1.0-1.1 only) Sequence break to Naevia by climbing up on top of the invisible wall to the right of the Palace (see video).

Select any of the dialogue options that say (Draw golden bow). Afterwards, continue the dialogue until you're given the option of "Wait, I can undo this!" and select the option where you can rewind time. (The option to goldify the peeled statue will force another dialogue and thus remove the temp gold bow.)

3. (v1.0-1.1 only) In the Shrine of Diana, after hitting the trigger that normally locks the doors, talking to Desius will trigger the "there's a wasp nest in there" dialogue, which will then equip you with a temp gold bow. It's possible to get in the shrine by manipulating Georgius' pathing at the beginning of the loop. See: https://www.speedrun.com/forgottencity/guide/0wxbd

Also note, since the bow isn't actually in your inventory, you cannot trigger dialogue options that require the golden bow as a prerequisite (ex: scamming Desius for denarii on how he can get his own golden bow).