I recently started using Dolphin Memory Engine, which is basically a scaled down version of Cheat Engine built specifically to work with the Dolphin emulator. I've since discovered a lot of interesting data about the game that I thought I'd share with the community. The information might not be immediately relevant to speed running, but it's nice to have it be available as a reference. It's a work in progress, and too voluminous to post in discord, where it would be difficult to retrieve due to the volume of messages there, so I'm gonna post it here and just edit the post as I find new things.

Player HP and Damage
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Snake's maximum HP has a value of 100. If Snake takes damage and his HP is lowered to 32 or below, he enters the bleeding state.

Sources of Damage (tested on extreme):

Bleeding: 1 damage every 3 seconds, only deals damage if HP > 1.
Cigarettes: 1 damage every second , only deals damage if HP > 33.
Explosions: 40 damage if within ~65 pixel radius of the source. 20 damage if between ~66 and ~111 pixel radius of the source. 0 damage if more than 111 pixels away from the source. Explosions are generated by C4, Grenades, Nikita missiles and Stinger missiles. Claymore explosions have different damage ranges but also apply either 40 or 20 damage.
Stun or Chaff: If a Stun or Chaff blows up in Snakes hand, it deals 10 damage.
Genome Solider Shot: 10 damage.
Genome Soldier Melee: 5 damage.

Movement during Animation
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Many of Snakes animations move him a few pixels forward or backwards during the course of the animation. Knowing precisely how much snake moves and at what part in the animation could come in handy for precise movement related stuff.

Nikita Bash (Press B with Nikita equipped)
Frame 0: 0 (Input Frame)
Frame 3: +1
Frame 9: +1
Frame 15: +1
Frame 17: -1
Frame 21: -1
Frame 23: -1
Frame 30: +1
Frame 34: +1
Frame 35: +1
Frame 36: +1
Frame 37: +1
Frame 38: +1
Frame 39: +2
Frame 40: +1
Frame 41: +1
Frame 42: +2
Frame 43: +2
Frame 44: +1
Frame 45: +1
Frame 47: +1
Frame 50: +1
Frame 56: +1
Frame 79: -1
Frame 86: -1
Frame 93: -1
Frame 98: -1
Frame 104: -1
Frame 121: 0 (Final Frame)
Net Movement: +14

More info to be posted as I find it...